Spring CGLIB 动态代理子类导致的注解丢失
在 Spring 中可以使用类级别的@Validated 注解对整个类的方法做校验,实际运行时,Spring 会通过 CGLIB 生成基于类的代理,这个生成的代理是原始类的子类。而这个自动生成的子类不会继承原始类的注解,故在编写 Component 处理逻辑时检测不到原始类的注解。
问题再现
如下的一个类:
@Validated
@Slf4j
@Controller
@Component("abb")
// 自定义注解
@CustomAnnotation
public class SimpleService {
private int cupCounter = 1;
@Function("echo")
public String echo(String str) {
return str;
}
@Function
public String hello() {
return "hello";
}
}
同时使用@Validated和@CustomAnnotation注解的类没有扫描到@CustomAnnotation注解,断点观察被@Validated注解的类注册到 Context 时的beanType并非原来的类型,而是 CGLIB 生成的子类。并且这个子类没有注解。

使用@Validated可以让Spring帮你做类的数据校验。猜想为了实现校验,Spring使用了CGLIB代理(当需要代理的类没有实现接口时,Spring 总是使用基于类的动态代理即CGLIB),注册的bean是一个CGLIB子类,所以丢失了注解信息。
解决
既然生成的代理类会丢失注解信息,那么 Spring 的注解如@Controller又是如何工作的呢?
翻阅一下 Spring 源码,参考SpringMVC源码之Controller查找原理。
-
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#processCandidateBeanprotected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) { Class<?> beanType = null; try { beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName); } catch (Throwable ex) { // An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it. if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex); } } // 在这里判断bean是否为一个 Handler if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) { detectHandlerMethods(beanName); } } -
RequestMappingHandlerMapping#isHandler/** * {@inheritDoc} * <p>Expects a handler to have either a type-level @{@link Controller} * annotation or a type-level @{@link RequestMapping} annotation. */ @Override protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) { //逻辑上通过判断是否含 @Controller 注解,但这里使用了一个 AnnotatedElementUtils return (AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, Controller.class) || AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, RequestMapping.class)); } -
AnnotatedElementUtils#hasAnnotation/** * Determine if an annotation of the specified {@code annotationType} * is <em>available</em> on the supplied {@link AnnotatedElement} or * within the annotation hierarchy <em>above</em> the specified element. * <p>If this method returns {@code true}, then {@link #findMergedAnnotationAttributes} * will return a non-null value. * <p>This method follows <em>find semantics</em> as described in the * {@linkplain AnnotatedElementUtils class-level javadoc}. * @param element the annotated element * @param annotationType the annotation type to find * @return {@code true} if a matching annotation is present * @since 4.3 * @see #isAnnotated(AnnotatedElement, Class) */ public static boolean hasAnnotation(AnnotatedElement element, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) { // Shortcut: directly present on the element, with no processing needed? // 这是传统的判断方法 if (element.isAnnotationPresent(annotationType)) { return true; } // 关键在于 searchWithFindSemantics 方法 return Boolean.TRUE.equals(searchWithFindSemantics(element, annotationType, null, alwaysTrueAnnotationProcessor)); } -
AnnotatedElementUtils#searchWithFindSemantics/** * Search for annotations of the specified {@code annotationName} or * {@code annotationType} on the specified {@code element}, following * <em>find semantics</em>. * @param element the annotated element * @param annotationType the annotation type to find * @param annotationName the fully qualified class name of the annotation * type to find (as an alternative to {@code annotationType}) * @param processor the processor to delegate to * @return the result of the processor (potentially {@code null}) * @since 4.2 */ @Nullable private static <T> T searchWithFindSemantics(AnnotatedElement element, @Nullable Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, @Nullable String annotationName, Processor<T> processor) { // 这里有很多个重载方法,一直点进去看 return searchWithFindSemantics(element, (annotationType != null ? Collections.singleton(annotationType) : Collections.emptySet()), annotationName, null, processor); } //... // 到这里可以看到对 bean class 进行判断 else if (element instanceof Class) { Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) element; if (!Annotation.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) { // Search on interfaces for (Class<?> ifc : clazz.getInterfaces()) { T result = searchWithFindSemantics(ifc, annotationTypes, annotationName, containerType, processor, visited, metaDepth); if (result != null) { return result; } } // Search on superclass // 判断了父类,CGLIB 生成的子类父类是原始类,所以就能找到原来的注解 Class<?> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass(); if (superclass != null && superclass != Object.class) { T result = searchWithFindSemantics(superclass, annotationTypes, annotationName, containerType, processor, visited, metaDepth); if (result != null) { return result; } } } } //...
这样就知道了@Controller是如何支持代理类了,故使用AnnotatedElementUtils来判断注解就OK了?
当然没那么简单,这样修改后,又出现了新问题:
方法级别的注解也丢了
AnnotatedElementUtils只能用于类级别注解,而 CGLIB 代理类中的方法注解也丢失了
别忘了Spring中还使用了方法级别注解@RequestMapping,于是又翻看源码,观察上面的源码找到 Handler 之后是如何处理方法级别注解的。
-
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods/** * Look for handler methods in the specified handler bean. * @param handler either a bean name or an actual handler instance * @see #getMappingForMethod */ protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) { Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ? obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass()); if (handlerType != null) { // 在这里获取代理子类的原始类型 Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType); Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType, (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> { try { return getMappingForMethod(method, userType); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" + userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex); } }); if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods)); } methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> { Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType); registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping); }); -
ClassUtils#getUserClass(java.lang.Class<?>)/** * Return the user-defined class for the given class: usually simply the given * class, but the original class in case of a CGLIB-generated subclass. * @param clazz the class to check * @return the user-defined class */ public static Class<?> getUserClass(Class<?> clazz) { if (clazz.getName().contains(CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR)) { Class<?> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass(); if (superclass != null && superclass != Object.class) { return superclass; } } return clazz; }
由ClassUtils的注解可知,通过这个方法可以直接获取到原始类型,Spring在这之后直接处理原始类型的方法。
那为什么不在@Controller中也获取原始类型呢?通过上面的源码可以看到isHandler的判断逻辑非常的复杂,可能考虑到某些代理子类上可能会有@Controller注解?
总结
判断 Spring bean 的注解时,考虑到 bean 有可能是动态代理子类,使用isAnnotationPresent或getAnnotation等方法不能获取到原始类的注解。应该使用AnnotatedElementUtils来判断类级别注解,对于方法级别甚至参数级别注解,应使用ClassUtils获取原始类的 Class 进行判断。
moeyui
不是很懂你们程序员
