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Spring CGLIB 动态代理子类导致的注解丢失

在 Spring 中可以使用类级别的@Validated 注解对整个类的方法做校验,实际运行时,Spring 会通过 CGLIB 生成基于类的代理,这个生成的代理是原始类的子类。而这个自动生成的子类不会继承原始类的注解,故在编写 Component 处理逻辑时检测不到原始类的注解。

问题再现

如下的一个类:

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@Validated
@Slf4j
@Controller
@Component("abb")
// 自定义注解
@CustomAnnotation
public class SimpleService {

private int cupCounter = 1;

@Function("echo")
public String echo(String str) {
return str;
}

@Function
public String hello() {
return "hello";
}
}

同时使用@Validated@CustomAnnotation注解的类没有扫描到@CustomAnnotation注解,断点观察被@Validated注解的类注册到 Context 时的beanType并非原来的类型,而是 CGLIB 生成的子类。并且这个子类没有注解。

n1qlnK.md.png

n1qact.png

使用@Validated可以让Spring帮你做类的数据校验。猜想为了实现校验,Spring使用了CGLIB代理(当需要代理的类没有实现接口时,Spring 总是使用基于类的动态代理即CGLIB),注册的bean是一个CGLIB子类,所以丢失了注解信息。

解决

既然生成的代理类会丢失注解信息,那么 Spring 的注解如@Controller又是如何工作的呢?

翻阅一下 Spring 源码,参考SpringMVC源码之Controller查找原理

  • AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#processCandidateBean

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    protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) {
    Class<?> beanType = null;
    try {
    beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
    // An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
    }
    }
    // 在这里判断bean是否为一个 Handler
    if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {
    detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
    }
    }
  • RequestMappingHandlerMapping#isHandler

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    /**
    * {@inheritDoc}
    * <p>Expects a handler to have either a type-level @{@link Controller}
    * annotation or a type-level @{@link RequestMapping} annotation.
    */
    @Override
    protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) {
    //逻辑上通过判断是否含 @Controller 注解,但这里使用了一个 AnnotatedElementUtils
    return (AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, Controller.class) ||
    AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, RequestMapping.class));
    }
  • AnnotatedElementUtils#hasAnnotation

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    /**
    * Determine if an annotation of the specified {@code annotationType}
    * is <em>available</em> on the supplied {@link AnnotatedElement} or
    * within the annotation hierarchy <em>above</em> the specified element.
    * <p>If this method returns {@code true}, then {@link #findMergedAnnotationAttributes}
    * will return a non-null value.
    * <p>This method follows <em>find semantics</em> as described in the
    * {@linkplain AnnotatedElementUtils class-level javadoc}.
    * @param element the annotated element
    * @param annotationType the annotation type to find
    * @return {@code true} if a matching annotation is present
    * @since 4.3
    * @see #isAnnotated(AnnotatedElement, Class)
    */
    public static boolean hasAnnotation(AnnotatedElement element, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {
    // Shortcut: directly present on the element, with no processing needed?
    // 这是传统的判断方法
    if (element.isAnnotationPresent(annotationType)) {
    return true;
    }
    // 关键在于 searchWithFindSemantics 方法
    return Boolean.TRUE.equals(searchWithFindSemantics(element, annotationType, null, alwaysTrueAnnotationProcessor));
    }
  • AnnotatedElementUtils#searchWithFindSemantics

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    /**
    * Search for annotations of the specified {@code annotationName} or
    * {@code annotationType} on the specified {@code element}, following
    * <em>find semantics</em>.
    * @param element the annotated element
    * @param annotationType the annotation type to find
    * @param annotationName the fully qualified class name of the annotation
    * type to find (as an alternative to {@code annotationType})
    * @param processor the processor to delegate to
    * @return the result of the processor (potentially {@code null})
    * @since 4.2
    */
    @Nullable
    private static <T> T searchWithFindSemantics(AnnotatedElement element,
    @Nullable Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType,
    @Nullable String annotationName, Processor<T> processor) {

    // 这里有很多个重载方法,一直点进去看
    return searchWithFindSemantics(element,
    (annotationType != null ? Collections.singleton(annotationType) : Collections.emptySet()),
    annotationName, null, processor);
    }

    //...
    // 到这里可以看到对 bean class 进行判断
    else if (element instanceof Class) {
    Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) element;
    if (!Annotation.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
    // Search on interfaces
    for (Class<?> ifc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
    T result = searchWithFindSemantics(ifc, annotationTypes, annotationName,
    containerType, processor, visited, metaDepth);
    if (result != null) {
    return result;
    }
    }
    // Search on superclass
    // 判断了父类,CGLIB 生成的子类父类是原始类,所以就能找到原来的注解
    Class<?> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
    if (superclass != null && superclass != Object.class) {
    T result = searchWithFindSemantics(superclass, annotationTypes, annotationName,
    containerType, processor, visited, metaDepth);
    if (result != null) {
    return result;
    }
    }
    }
    }
    //...

这样就知道了@Controller是如何支持代理类了,故使用AnnotatedElementUtils来判断注解就OK了?

当然没那么简单,这样修改后,又出现了新问题:

方法级别的注解也丢了

AnnotatedElementUtils只能用于类级别注解,而 CGLIB 代理类中的方法注解也丢失了

别忘了Spring中还使用了方法级别注解@RequestMapping,于是又翻看源码,观察上面的源码找到 Handler 之后是如何处理方法级别注解的。

  • AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods

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    /**
    * Look for handler methods in the specified handler bean.
    * @param handler either a bean name or an actual handler instance
    * @see #getMappingForMethod
    */
    protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
    Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
    obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());

    if (handlerType != null) {
    // 在这里获取代理子类的原始类型
    Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
    Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
    (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
    try {
    return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" +
    userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex);
    }
    });
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
    }
    methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
    Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
    registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
    });
  • ClassUtils#getUserClass(java.lang.Class<?>)

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    /**
    * Return the user-defined class for the given class: usually simply the given
    * class, but the original class in case of a CGLIB-generated subclass.
    * @param clazz the class to check
    * @return the user-defined class
    */
    public static Class<?> getUserClass(Class<?> clazz) {
    if (clazz.getName().contains(CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR)) {
    Class<?> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
    if (superclass != null && superclass != Object.class) {
    return superclass;
    }
    }
    return clazz;
    }

ClassUtils的注解可知,通过这个方法可以直接获取到原始类型,Spring在这之后直接处理原始类型的方法。

那为什么不在@Controller中也获取原始类型呢?通过上面的源码可以看到isHandler的判断逻辑非常的复杂,可能考虑到某些代理子类上可能会有@Controller注解?

总结

判断 Spring bean 的注解时,考虑到 bean 有可能是动态代理子类,使用isAnnotationPresentgetAnnotation等方法不能获取到原始类的注解。应该使用AnnotatedElementUtils来判断类级别注解,对于方法级别甚至参数级别注解,应使用ClassUtils获取原始类的 Class 进行判断。